- addend
- one of two numbers, or terms, being added together
- associative property
- a property of real numbers that states that the grouping of two numbers in a series of numbers with the same operation does not affect the sum or product
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
(a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
- boundary line
- the edge of a region indicating the set of points that is a solution to the linear inequality
- coefficient
- the number multiplied by the variable in an equation, the number in front of the variable
- coinciding lines
- lines which are exactly the same line and fit on top of each other, the solution is a false statement without variables
- commutative property
- a property of real numbers that states that the order in which two numbers are added or multiplied does not change the sum or product
a + b = b + a
a × b = b × a
- consistent system
- a system of linear equations that has at least one solution
- constant of variation
- in a variation relationship between two variables, the number that relates the two variables; in a direct variation, the constant of variation is a factor in the product, and in an inverse variation, the constant of variation is the numerator in the ratio
- continuous data
- data where numbers between any two data values are included in the solution
- constant
- a value that does not change
- coordinate plane
- a planar region defined by an x-axis and a y-axis that is used to describe the location of points using ordered pairs, (x, y)
- coordinates
- an ordered pair of numbers, usually of the form (x, y), indicating a location on a coordinate plane
- correlation
- relationship of the points
dependent system - a system of linear equations that has infinitely many solutions
- dependent variable
- the output variable of a relationship
- direct variation
- a relationship between two variables such that the ratio of their values always remains the same
- discrete data
- data that involve only specific values
- distributive property
- a property of real numbers that states that multiplying a sum by a number is the same as multiplying each addend by the number and then adding the products
x(a + b) = ax + bx
- domain
- the set of input values of a function or relation
- equation
- a number or algebraic expression equal to another number or algebraic expression
- exponential decay
- a situation in which as the independent variable increases the dependent variable decreases exponentially, exponential decay is the half-life of a radioactive element
- exponential growth
- a situation in which as the independent variable increases the dependent variable increases exponentially, exponential growth is the amount in a savings account offering compound interest
- function
- a relation where each element of the domain corresponds to exactly one element of the range
- function notation
- a way of naming a function with a letter and the input in parenthesis after the function name
For example, f(x) = x + 1 represents the function named f, with the independent variable, x.
- inconsistent system
- a system of linear equations that has no solution
- independent variable
- the input variable of a relationship
- inequality
- a mathematical sentence that shows the relationship between quantities that are not equivalent; symbols include > (great than), < (less than), ≥ (greater than or equal) and ≤ (less than or equal)
- intercept
- the point where the graph of a function crosses either the x-axis or the y-axis
- intersecting lines
- lines which cross at one point, the solution gives one of the variable solutions that is plugged in to one equation to find the other variable
- inverse variation
- a relationship between two variables in which the product is a constant; as the value of the independent variable increases, the value of the dependent variable decreases
- lateral faces
- all the sides except the base(s)
- laws of exponents
- the 7 basic laws that can be used to simplify algebraic and numerical expressions: the Product Law, Quotient Law, Power of a Power Law, Power of a Product Law, Power of a Quotient Law, Zero Exponent Law, and Negative Exponent Law
- leading coefficient
- the numerical coefficient of the variable with the largest power
- line of best fit
- a straight line that best represents the data on a scatterplot
- linear function
- a function with a constant rate of change; the x values change by a constant amount and the y values change by a constant amount
- nonlinear function
- a function without a constant rate of change
- number line
- a line that graphically expresses the real numbers as a series of points distributed about a point arbitrarily designated as zero and in which the magnitude of each number is represented by the distance of the corresponding point from zero
- ordered pair
- a set of two numbers, represented in (x, y) form, indicating the values of two variables, x and y
- outliers
- data points on a scatter plot which lies outside the overall pattern of the trend line
- parabola
- a u-shaped curve with specific properties: for a given point (the focus) and a given line through the focus (the directrix) a parabola is the locus of points equidistant from the focus and directrix
- parallel lines
- lines which never cross, the solution is a true statement without variables
- polynomial
- a group of monomials that are added or subtracted
- quadratic equation
- an equation with a degree of 2, the highest exponent is 2
- quantity
- an amount
- range
- the set of values of the dependent variable for which a function is defined
- rate
- a comparison of two quantities with different units of measure
- rate of change
- the difference in output values divided by the difference in input values
- relation
- a relationship between two variables
- root
- for an equation or polynomial, the value(s) of the variable that makes the polynomial true when the polynomial is equal to 0
- scatterplot
- a graphic display of data as a set of points representing the relationship between two variables
- slope
- the difference in output values divided by the difference in input values
- slope-intercept form
- the y = mx + b form of a linear equation, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept
- substitute
- replace a variable with a number or equation
- system of linear equations
- a set of 2 or more linear equations with 2 or more variables that must be solved simultaneously
- trend
- tendency or movement
- variable
- a letter or other symbol that is used in a mathematical expression to represent a value that can change or vary
- x-intercept
- the point(s) where the function crosses the x-axis
- y-intercept
- the point(s) where the function crosses the y-axis
- zeros
- the solution(s) of a quadratic equation; a value of x that makes a function f(x) equal to 0, a zero of a function may be real or imaginary